31. In contrast, for societies which did not engage in pastoral behaviors, no selective advantage exists for lactase persistence. 32. An allele is subject to negative frequency dependent selection if a rare allelic variant has a selective advantage . 33. It's a highly selective advantage , however. 34. It has been hypothesized that mutations in the CFTR gene may confer a selective advantage to heterozygous individuals. 35. This accounts for the persistence of the allele in certain populations in that it confers a selective advantage . 36. But, he said, " I think the burden is on the selectionists to produce the selective advantage ." 37. The introduction of an individual possessing an allele with a selective advantage corresponds to X _ 0 = 1. 38. The acquisition of mutations is random as a result of increased selective advantage during certain stages of tumour progression. 39. If MLH1 is epigenetically reduced or silenced, it would not likely confer a selective advantage upon a stem cell. 40. The selective advantage of complementation may largely account for the general avoidance of inbreeding ( see Kin recognition ).