The single-crossing property as reformulated by Milgrom and Shannon was subsequently shown by Joshua Gans and Michael Smart not only to resolve Condorcet's Voting paradox in majority voting and social choice theory but also to give rise to a complete characterization of social preferences.
32.
In a series of controlled laboratory experiments, Klaus M . Schmidt, Martin Spann and Robert Zeithammer show that outcome-based social preferences and strategic considerations to keep the seller in the market can explain why and how much buyers pay voluntarily to a PWYW seller.
33.
While he has since revised his ideas somewhat, Florida originally argued that cities that wish to thrive must cater to the tastes and social preferences of artists and other urban professionals who do " creative " work, and that doing so would ultimately benefit all urban residents.
34.
Though any argument about politics is in a sense a political argument, an " effective " political argument is one that can actually change the social preference ranking . " Effective " political argument is a concept distinct from " valid " political argument.
35.
Essentially, voters behave altruistically by absorbing the cost of voting in order to provide society with the benefits of their preferred policy, although the expected reward of voting under this model is greater than zero ( and thus still a rational decision ) because of voters'altruistic social preferences.
36.
First, suppose that a social preference is " quasi-transitive " ( instead of transitive ); this means that the strict preference \ succ ( " better than " ) is transitive : if x \ succ y and y \ succ z, then x \ succ z.
37.
Economic columnist Sever Plocker, writing in the Yediot Ahronot daily, called the budget " economic pornography, " adding, " You look at the rows of numbers in the budget and you search for economic sense, social preferences, commercial anchors, but you search in vain ."
38.
In 2002, the Machiavellianism scale of Christie and Geis was applied by behavioral trust game, those with high MACH-IV scores tended to follow homo economicus'equilibrium strategies while those with low MACH-IV scores tended to deviate from the equilibrium, and instead made choices that reflected widely accepted moral standards and social preferences.
39.
Ackerman was responsible for planning and managing the drafting of documents that provided intelligence information on the different geographic areas where the war was taking place, including the assessment of beaches for disembarkments, and even the level of empathy and political and social preferences of the people living in the places where the US Army would be moving through.
40.
And they pounced on a passage in a speech this month by R . Glenn Hubbard, the chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, maintaining that " the increasing reliance on taxing higher-income households and targeted social preferences at lower incomes stands in the way of moving to a simpler, flatter system ."
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