31. He oversaw LANL's participation in the Joint Genome Institute and in the construction of the Spallation Neutron Source. 32. In 1977 financial approval was given to convert the Nimrod facility into the Spallation Neutron Source ( SNS ) named ISIS. 33. Nuclear spallation is one of the processes by which a particle accelerator may be used to produce a beam of neutrons. 34. Helium-3 is created by cosmic ray bombardment, and by lithium spallation reactions which generally occur in the crust. 35. Isotopes such as lithium-6, as well as some beryllium and boron are generated in space through cosmic ray spallation . 36. Carbon and oxygen nuclei collide with interstellar matter to form lithium, beryllium and boron in a process termed cosmic ray spallation . 37. This is increased to just under 10 17 n cm-2 s-1 for spallation sources ( e . g. 38. Three slots are left empty at the center of the core to allow space for the spallation target or for material irradiation. 39. There, in striking atomic nuclei, among other reactions they induce spallation reactions in which a neutron is liberated from the nucleus. 40. The disadvantages of both proton and spallation neutron sources can be avoided by using mono-energetic 14 MeV neutrons for SEE testing.
