In which is the outward-pointing unit normal vector, is a point in the region and is the variable of integration, and are volume and surface elements at, and is the velocity of the area element so not necessarily the flow velocity.
32.
Taking this integral for a sphere, radius "'r "', around a point charge, we note that the electric field points radially outwards at all times and is normal to a differential surface element on the sphere, and is constant for all points equidistant from the point charge.
33.
One early design proposed a wing-span of 1.2m, a mass of 2.1kg, and with the following mission profile : During the landing phase of the surface element of MELOS, the aircraft would be released at an altitude of 5 km then fly 4 minutes, covering 25 horizontal km.
34.
Which is positive for surface elements with a component in the direction of "'p "'and negative for surface elements pointed oppositely . ( Usually the direction of a surface element is taken to be that of the outward normal to the surface at the location of the element .)
35.
Which is positive for surface elements with a component in the direction of "'p "'and negative for surface elements pointed oppositely . ( Usually the direction of a surface element is taken to be that of the outward normal to the surface at the location of the element .)
36.
Which is positive for surface elements with a component in the direction of "'p "'and negative for surface elements pointed oppositely . ( Usually the direction of a surface element is taken to be that of the outward normal to the surface at the location of the element .)
37.
Where \ mathbf { \ hat { r } } is the unit vector pointing along the viewing direction toward the viewer, d \ mathbf { A } is a surface element with an outward-pointing normal, and the integral is taken only over the top-most surface, that part of the surface that is " visible " from the perspective of the viewer.
38.
This is then also valid for a black object of any arbitrary shape, because each emitted photon comes from some point on the surface and how much radiation each surface element emits per unit time, doesn't depend on the orientation of the other surface elements, as the emission process is a local process . talk ) 14 : 58, 14 October 2013 ( UTC)
39.
This is then also valid for a black object of any arbitrary shape, because each emitted photon comes from some point on the surface and how much radiation each surface element emits per unit time, doesn't depend on the orientation of the other surface elements, as the emission process is a local process . talk ) 14 : 58, 14 October 2013 ( UTC)
40.
Although the surface elements have been adversely impacted upon during the late 20th century it is expected they are still of sufficient standard to be able to yield information that will contribute to an increased understanding of early mining and smelting history . It is highly likely that sub-surface workings could provide some indications of any special techniques adopted when working beneath two large rivers.
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