31. Contragrade change is induced when one thermodynamic system interacts with the orthograde changes of another thermodynamic system. 32. Contragrade change is induced when one thermodynamic system interacts with the orthograde changes of another thermodynamic system . 33. This statement implies that thermal equilibrium is an equivalence relation on the set of thermodynamic systems under consideration. 34. The entire miniature universe, i . e . this thermodynamic system , has increased in entropy. 35. The heat capacity can be affected by many of the state variables that describe the thermodynamic system under study. 36. It means that thermodynamics systems need not be shown to be ergodic to justify treatment as a statistical ensemble. 37. Current research has been used to describe alloys with a significant magnetocaloric effect in terms of a thermodynamic system . 38. He was considering the internal thermal radiative equilibrium of a thermodynamic system in a cavity initially devoid of matter. 39. That is, orthograde changes are generated by the spontaneous elimination of asymmetries in a thermodynamic system in disequilibrium. 40. Where n = number of moles of gas in the thermodynamic system under consideration and R = universal gas constant.