Each dissociation absorbs a great deal of energy in a reversible process and this greatly reduces the thermodynamic temperature of hypersonic gas decelerated near the aerospace object.
32.
The three translational degrees of freedom are unfrozen except for the very lowest temperatures, and their kinetic energy is simply related to the thermodynamic temperature over the widest range.
33.
However, this was the temperature of one particular type of motion a quantum property called nuclear spin not the overall average thermodynamic temperature for all possible degrees of freedom.
34.
The entire "'scientific community "'measures "'temperature "'using the Celsius scale, and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale.
35.
All temperature scales, including the modern thermodynamic temperature scale used in the International System of Units, are calibrated according to thermal properties of a particular substance or device.
36.
Many self-running animations, such as the one shown at right ( and which is used on Thermodynamic temperature ) worked fine for years but no longer do so.
37.
Where n _ \ text { upper } is the number of paramagnetic centers occupying the upper energy state, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the thermodynamic temperature.
38.
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is =, or absolute zero.
39.
The thermodynamic temperature is a measure of the average energy of the translational, vibrational, and rotational motions of matter's particle constituents ( molecules, atoms, and subatomic particles ).
40.
Formulas for calculating the velocity and speed of translational motion are given in the following footnote . The rate of translational motion of atoms and molecules is calculated based on thermodynamic temperature as follows:
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