"' Groombridge Transit Circle "'was a meridian transit circle made by Edward Troughton for Stephen Groombridge in 1806, which Groombridge used to compile data for the star catalogue, " Catalogue of Circumpolar Stars ".
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However, on the continent, the transit circle superseded them from the years 1818 1819, when two circles by Johann Georg Repsold and Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach were mounted at G�ttingen, and one by Reichenbach at K�nigsberg.
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The requirement that satellite-based geodetic reference systems be centred on the centre of mass of the earth caused the modern prime meridian to be 5.3 " east of the astronomic Greenwich prime meridian through the Airy Transit Circle.
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While the local vertical defined at the Airy transit circle still points to the modern celestial meridian ( the intersection of the prime meridian plane with the celestial sphere ), it does not pass through the Earth's rotation axis.
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He worked at the United States Naval Observatory for 44 years, making distinguished contributions in the field of positional astronomy and pioneered in the field of automation of transit circle observations, which led to results of the highest systematic accuracy.
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In the United Kingdom, the transit instrument and mural circle continued until the middle of the 19th century to be the principal instrument in observatories, the first transit circle constructed there being that at Greenwich ( mounted in 1850 ).
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From the Royal Observatory that houses the great Transit Circle telescope whose crosshairs mark longitude zero, to the Old Royal Naval College, the National Maritime Museum, and the Queen's House, Greenwich contains an impressive concentration of relics that tell the story of Britain's rise to empire through her prowess at sea.
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A 2015 analysis by Malys et al . shows the offset between the Airy transit circle and the ITRF / WGS 84 meridians can be explained by this deflection of the vertical alone; other possible sources of the offset that have been proposed in the past are smaller than the current uncertainty in the deflection of the vertical near the observatory.
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