Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone erupted in very moist and sticky conditions allowing a lot of water to permeate into the volcanic vent, making the diverse depositional features of a wet eruption.
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A "'tuff cone "', sometimes called an "'ash cone "', is a small monogenetic volcanic cone produced by palagonitized, by either its interaction with groundwater or when it was deposited warm and wet.
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Table Rock is an erosional remnant of a tuff cone, which at present is a symmetrical cone about in diameter at the base, tapering to a diameter of about at a height of above the surrounding plain.
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Both tuff cones and their associated tuff rings were created by explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with either groundwater or a shallow body of water as found within a lake or sea.
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The cluster is composed of three maars, encircled by tuff cones that over tens of thousands of years have been partly breached and eroded by runoff from the small freshwater lakes appearing in the craters shortly after the eruption.
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Its diverse geological structures are considered to have great geological importance because they may be used to interpret not only the past volcanic activity of the Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone but also eruptive and depositional processes of hydromagmatic volcanoes worldwide.
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The region constituted part of a historical fishing anchorage, owing to the high cliffs and protection in the shadow of Monte Brasil; the cliffs of basalt formed from successive pyroclastic lava flows that resulted in the formation of the tuff cone.
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"' Seongsan Ilchulbong "', also called Sunrise Peak, is an archetypal Jeju Island and said to resemble a gigantic ancient castle, this tuff cone is 182 meters high, has a preserved bowl-like crater and also displays diverse inner structures resulting from the sea cliff.
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Ancient Surprise Lake drained catastrophically before about AD 1000 . ( Surprise Lake is now about 2.75 km2 ( 680 acres ) in area and up to 19.5 m ( 64.0 ft ) deep . ) Prior to or immediately after this draining, explosive eruptions of andesitic magma produced a cluster of three tuff cones in the southeastern part of the caldera.
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