The Court again ruled against the State, which passed another variation in a continuing endeavor to maintain the white primary system.
32.
During this period the NAACP was mounting frequent legal challenges to the southern states'poll tax, literacy tests, grandfather clauses and white primaries.
33.
By the 1940s the Supreme Court began to find disfranchisement such as the " grandfather clause " and the white primary unconstitutional.
34.
In the 1944 " Smith v . Allwright " case, the United States Supreme Court found the White Primary to be unconstitutional.
35.
The white primary in Texas treated the Democratic Party as a private club whose membership could be restricted to citizens of Anglo heritage.
36.
He investigated lynchings, filed lawsuits against voter registration barriers and white primaries, and worked for equal pay for black teachers in public schools.
37.
Mark Blumenthal, who did polling for one of Obama's white primary opponents, said, " I don't think voters look at him stereotypically ."
38.
The Democratic Party in Texas responded by barring blacks from participation in the party nominating conventions, and thus effectively continuing the white primary.
39.
It took a quarter century to finally dismantle the white primary system in the " Texas primary cases " ( 1927 1953 ).
40.
However, having consolidated power among its supporters, by 1900 the state Democratic Party began relying on all-white primaries at the county and state level.
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