Another challenge to biomass fermentation is the high percentage of pentoses in the hemicellulose, such as xylose, or wood sugar.
32.
They are conducting tests on two organisms _ yeast and a common bacteria _ that convert a wood sugar called xylose into xylitol.
33.
If xylose is detected in blood and / or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines.
34.
Xylose is in most cases the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, although in softwoods mannose can be the most abundant sugar.
35.
This organism is of interest because it elaborates an enzyme, xylanase, which digests xylan, a heteropolymer of the pentose sugar xylose.
36.
Xylose begins to be attached to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, while the rest of the sugars are attached in the Golgi apparatus.
37.
A computational method, IPRO, recently predicted mutations that experimentally switched the cofactor specificity of Candida boidinii xylose reductase from NADPH to NADH.
38.
However, conversion of xylose, the pentose sugar of hemicellulose hydrolyzate, is a limiting factor, especially in the presence of glucose.
39.
Xylose, an abundant five carbon sugar found predominantly in hemicellulose of angiosperms, can be converted to xylitol through biochemical or chemical reduction.
40.
Xylans are almost as ubiquitous as cellulose in plant cell walls and contain predominantly ?-D-xylose units linked as in cellulose.
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