41. This is a generalization of the notion of a probability measure, where the probability axiom of countable additivity is weakened. 42. :The additivity of area is, of course, necessary to move beyond rectangles and to consider such as triangles. 43. The TEF approach uses an underlying assumption of additivity associated with these chemicals that takes into account chemical structure and behavior. 44. Linear panel data models use the linear additivity of the fixed effects to difference them out and circumvent the incidental parameter problem. 45. Shannon discovered that the proper choice of function to quantify information, preserving this additivity , is logarithmic, i . e ., 46. The area of the whole surface is then obtained by adding together the areas of the pieces, using additivity of surface area. 47. Kempthorne's use of unit treatment additivity and randomization is similar to the design-based analysis of finite population survey sampling. 48. The fundamental assumption is that a countably infinite sequence of disjoint sets satisfies the sum formula, a property called ?-additivity . 49. Gleason's theorem implies the nonexistence of certain types of additivity of expectation for noncommuting operators that might not hold a priori. 50. For this purpose Otto Schott introduced the "'additivity principle "'in several publications for calculation of glass properties.
