"Adjuvant chemotherapy has been around for a long time, and the death rate hasn't dropped, " said Dr . Daniel Kopans, associate professor of radiology at Harvard Medical School and director of Breast Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.
42.
Broder speculated that the new test might one day be used to determine more precisely whether breast cancer has spread to lymph nodes and to help identify women who would benefit most from such therapies known as adjuvant chemotherapy or prevention with drugs.
43.
In one study of 44 women aged 35 to 79 who received Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer, researchers at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore found no clinically significant difference in the dangers of the drugs among older and younger patients.
44.
Similarly, the landmark trials of Bernard Fisher, chair of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, and of Gianni Bonadonna, working in the Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Italy, proved that adjuvant chemotherapy after complete surgical resection of breast tumours significantly extended survival particularly in more advanced cancer.
45.
When cancer has not spread to the locoregional lymph nodes, nor penetrated through the wall of the rectum or colon ( stage II, Dukes B ) the benefit of chemotherapy is marginal and the decision on whether to give adjuvant chemotherapy should be carefully evaluated by discussing with the patient the realistic benefits and the possible toxic side effects of treatment.
46.
Dr . Stanley Hamilton, head of pathology at the University of Texas M . D . Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and Dr . Alfred Cohen, a colon cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in Manhattan, said that Strawberry had a 70 percent to 75 percent five-year survival rate with adjuvant chemotherapy and about a 60 percent rate without such therapy.
47.
However, pathological analysis of these specimens is critically important in confirming the previous diagnosis, staging the extent of malignant disease, establishing whether or not the entire diseased area was removed ( a process called " determination of the surgical margin, " often using frozen section ), identifying the presence of unsuspected concurrent diseases, and providing information for postoperative treatment, such as adjuvant chemotherapy in the case of cancer.
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