This led to the suggestion that alizarin was a derivative of naphthalene, a C10 hydrocarbon, although Schunck pointed out that this did not explain the reactions of alizarin.
42.
A notable use of alizarin in modern times is as a staining agent in biological research because it stains free calcium and certain calcium compounds a red or light purple color.
43.
Alizarin's abilities as a biological stain were first noted in 1567, when it was observed that when fed to animals, it stained their teeth and bones red.
44.
In 1869, the German chemists Graebe and Liebermann synthesised artificial alizarin, which was produced industrially from 1871 onwards, which effectively put an end to the cultivation of madder.
45.
Later, the hues were applied by wooden blocks, and the cloth manufacturers in Britain printing calico used alizarin dye fixed with two mordants, giving a red and black pattern.
46.
Adopting Grinstein Green ( an altered version of Brunswick Green / British Racing Green and named after the president of Burlington Northern, Gerald Grinstein ), Cream, and Alizarin Red.
47.
Natural rose madder supplied half the world with red, until 1868, when its alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated by Carl Gr�be and Carl Liebermann.
48.
In 1826, the French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet discovered the organic compound alizarin, the powerful coloring ingredient of the madder root, the most popular red dye of the time.
49.
He was vindicated when Graebe and Liebermann ( 1868 ) distilled alizarin with zinc dust to give anthracene, a C 14 hydrocarbon, and subsequently ( 1869 ) synthesised alizarin from anthraquinone.
50.
He was vindicated when Graebe and Liebermann ( 1868 ) distilled alizarin with zinc dust to give anthracene, a C 14 hydrocarbon, and subsequently ( 1869 ) synthesised alizarin from anthraquinone.
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