41. This proposal provided a framework for understanding the evolution of biosynthetic pathways and presaged the study of molecular evolution. 42. Horowitz considered that repetition of such mutation / selection events formed the basis of the evolution of biosynthetic pathways . 43. Based on deuterium tracking studies, the biosynthetic pathway for aubucin from the cyclized lactone intermediate is organism specific. 44. Early work was done by Derek Barton and co-workers to illustrate the biosynthetic pathways towards erythrina alkaloids. 45. In 2016, the biosynthetic pathway of noscapine was reconstitued in yeast cells, allowing the drug to be synthesised. 46. These strains cannot synthesize adenine due to a nonsense mutation in one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway . 47. The biosynthesis of tunicamycins was studied in " Streptomyces chartreusis " and a proposed biosynthetic pathway was characterized. 48. The shikimate pathway is a biosynthetic pathway that allows plants, fungi, and bacteria to produce aromatic amino acids. 49. This nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the mammalian heme biosynthetic pathway . 50. In " Arabidopsis thaliana ", a glycosyltransferase, UGT79B1, is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway .
