This regulatory protein ( factor ) interacts with a sodium / hydrogen exchanger NHE3 ( SLC9A3 ) in the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule, small intestine, and colon that plays a major role in transepithelial sodium absorption.
42.
In addition, the water that normally would have been transported across the brush border with the sugar instead remains in the intestinal tract to be expelled with the stool, resulting in dehydration of the body's tissues and severe diarrhea.
43.
Overlaying the brush border of the apical surface of the enterocytes is the glycocalyx, which is a loose network composed of the oligosaccharide side chains of integral membrane hydrolases and other enzymes essential for the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates.
44.
Longer oligopeptides, such as angiotensin and glutathione are degraded by enzymes on the brush border, while shorter ones, such as carnosine, are transported across the apical membrane as a whole by the PepT 1 transporter, and degraded inside the proximal tubule cell.
45.
Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a single amino acid from the carboxylic end of the peptide.
46.
This is a secondary active transport because the sodium gradient generated for the functioning of the sodium / calcium exchanger is created by the sodium / potassium pump which requires ATP . Sodium and water are transported across the brush border along with the sugars in this process.
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