The reaction is very versatile, consisting in the condensation of an alpha-amino acid and an aldehyde to generate a reactive 1, 3-dipole that then adds to a double bond of C60 or CNT, giving a pyrrolidine ring fused to the carbon skeleton.
42.
Chloromorphide is one of a series of opioids known as morphides and codides, which are important precursors and intermediates in the synthesis of semi-synthetic opioid analgesic drugs, especially those with additions, substitutions, or other modifications at the 7, 8, and / or 14 positions on the morphine carbon skeleton.
43.
Kekul?argued that tetravalent carbon atoms-that is, carbon forming exactly four chemical bonds-could link together to form what he called a " carbon chain " or a " carbon skeleton, " to which other atoms with other valences ( such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine ) could join.
44.
One consequence of this natural polarization of molecules is that 1, 3-and 1, 5-heteroatom substituted carbon skeletons are extremely easy to synthesize ( Aldol reaction, Claisen condensation, Michael reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Diels-Alder reaction ), whereas 1, 2-, 1, 4-, and 1, 6-heteroatom substitution patterns are more difficult to access via " normal " reactivity.
45.
As an analgesic, codeine codeine-" N "-oxide ( genocodeine ), related to the nitrogen morphine derivatives as is codeine methobromide, and heterocodeine, which is a drug six times stronger than morphine and 72 times stronger than codeine due to a small re-arrangement of the molecule, viz . moving the methyl group from the 3 to the 6 position on the morphine carbon skeleton.
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