Although all of these functions of the T-type voltage gated calcium channel are important, quite possibly the most important of its functions is its ability to generate potentials that allow for rhythmic bursts of action potentials in cardiac cells of the sinoatrial node of the heart and in the thalamus of the brain.
42.
Purkinje fibers take up stain differently from the surrounding muscle cells because of relatively fewer myofibrils than other cardiac cells and the presence of glycogen around the nucleus causes Purkinje fibers to appear, on a slide, lighter and larger than their neighbors, arranged along the longitudinal direction ( parallel to the cardiac vector ).
43.
Reperfusion leads to biochemical imbalances within the cell that lead to calcium overload and excessive production of reactive oxygen species in the first few minutes after reperfusion set off a cascade of biochemical changes that result in the opening of the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( MPT pore ) in the mitochondrial membrane of cardiac cells.
44.
Disease-modeling by engineered heart tissue ( "'EHT "') technology with cardiac cells from heterozygous or homozygous " Mybpc3 "-targeted knock-in mice reproduced observations made in human and mouse studies displaying abbreviated contractions, greater sensitivity to external Ca2 + and smaller inotropic responses to various drugs ( isoprenaline, EMD 57033 and verapamil ) compared to wild-type control EHTs.
45.
This is very important for the heart when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system that causes the heart rate to increase, in that not only does the T-type calcium channel provide an extra depolarization punch in addition to the voltage gated sodium channels to cause a stronger depolarization, but it also helps provide a quicker depolarization of the cardiac cells.
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