41. Some later descriptions treat the European bison as conspecific with the American bison. 42. They are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and were formerly considered conspecific . 43. Males exhibit aggressive behaviors against conspecific males near the boundaries of their territories. 44. Some fish see the decoy as prey, while others see a conspecific . 45. Mallards and their domesticated conspecifics are also fully interfertile. 46. Contrastingly, the zooplankton feeders form large conspecific groups. 47. Everett's scops owl and Negros scops owls were formerly considered conspecific . 48. They may also be sensitive to characteristic pheromones given off by juvenile conspecifics . 49. Muggers are fairly social species and tolerate their conspecifics during basking and feeding. 50. Other mathematical models have been developed to explain aggregation dynamics and conspecific recognition.