It has been threatened, in the past, by outbreaks of the predatory crown of thorns starfish, which can kill large areas of coral polyps.
42.
The coral polyps tend to retract in the daytime which gives these corals their alternative name of broccoli corals because of their resemblance to the vegetable.
43.
When tropical waters become unusually warm for extended periods of time, microscopic plants called zooxanthellae, which are symbiotic partners living within the coral polyp tissues, die off.
44.
The tropic sun is the power behind this feast, fueling both the flotillas of tiny drifting plants and the microscopic algae that dwell inside each coral polyp.
45.
Like sea level rise, a rapidly subsiding bottom can overwhelm coral growth, killing the coral polyps and the reef, due to what is called " coral drowning ".
46.
It takes approximately 10 thousand years for coral polyps to form a reef, and between 100, 000 and 30 million years for a fully mature reef to form.
47.
The basis of the entire coral reef ecosystem revolves around the ability of the coral polyps to remove calcium ions from the seawater and deposit them as a limestone skeleton.
48.
The shape and form of the cerata of the nudibranch in each individual species resembles very closely the tentacles of the species of soft coral polyp on which that species feeds.
49.
The return of mature herbivorous fish around Jamaica is seen as helping to fight growths of fleshy algae that otherwise come to dominate the reef ecosystem and crowd out coral polyps.
50.
The crown-of-thorns starfish, which devours coral polyps, attacked in force twice in recent decades and is on the march again, sparking debate over whether such outbreaks are wholly natural or are worsened by human activities.
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