41. The friction drag force , which is a tangential force on the aircraft surface, depends substantially on boundary layer configuration and viscosity. 42. For a particle at rest no drag force  will be exhibited, which causes the particle to accelerate due to the applied force. 43. A higher volumetric flow rate through a given area increases flow speed and drag force , so the float will be pushed upwards. 44. The vane moves because of the drag force  of the air flow against it; it does not measure volume or mass directly. 45. D'Alembert proved that  for incompressible and drag force  is zero on a body moving with constant velocity relative to the fluid. 46. For these particles, vertical drag forces  due to turbulent fluctuations in the fluid are similar in magnitude to the weight of the particle. 47. This condition resulted in the drag force  exceeding the thrust of the hypothetical ramjet in the Zubrin / Andrews version of the design. 48. The rate of sequencing or imaging is dependent on the mechanical movement speed of the magnetic beads, which is limited by drag force . 49. This can be plugged into the equation in Drag ( physics ) to get you an equation relating speed to the drag force . 50. This is determined by the grains downward acting weight force being matched by a combined buoyancy and fluid drag force  and can be expressed by: