"Z " 11 and " Z " 22 are simply the ordinary driving point impedances of a dipole, thus 73 + j43 ohms for a half-wave element ( or purely resistive for one slightly shorter, as is usually desired for the driven element ).
42.
When a " driven element " is referred to in an antenna array, it is often assumed that other elements are not driven ( i . e . parasitic, passive ) and that the array is tightly coupled ( spacing far below a wavelength ).
43.
The spacing " ( S ) " of the driven element in front of the point where the reflectors meet is approximately 0.5? but is not very critical; for 90?antennas the gain doesn't vary more than 1.5 dB for " S " between 0.25? and 0.75?.
44.
The elements are given the correct lengths and spacings so that the radio waves radiated by the driven element and those reradiated by the parasitic elements all arrive at the front of the antenna in phase, so they superpose and add, increasing signal strength in the forward direction.
45.
There is a single driven element driven in the center ( consisting of two rods each connected to one side of the transmission line ), and a variable number of parasitic elements, a single " reflector " on one side and optionally one or more " directors " on the other side.
46.
In simple antennas the feed usually consists of the " feed antenna " ( driven element ), the part of the antenna which actually converts the radio frequency currents to radio waves or vice versa, and the feed line ( transmission line ), which connects the feed antenna with the receiver or transmitter.
47.
In the reverse direction, on the other hand, the additional delay of the wave from the director ( blue ) due to the spacing between the two elements ( about 35?of phase delay traversed twice ) causes it to be about 180?( 110?+ 2 ?35?) out of phase with the wave from the driven element ( green ).
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