Since single scattering dominates the helium-surface interactions, the collected helium signal easily gives information on the surface structure without the complications of considering multiple electron scattering events ( such as in LEED ).
42.
In 1960-61 he worked under Robert R . Wilson at Cornell University to be introduced to elementary particle physics, namely the use of electron scattering to study the structure of the proton and neutron.
43.
The application of electron scattering is such that it can be used as a high resolution microscope for hadronic systems, that allows the measurement of the distribution of charges for nucleons and nuclear structure.
44.
It embeds a heavy metal directly into cell membranes, creating a high electron scattering rate without the need for coating the membrane with a layer of metal, which can obscure details of the cell membrane.
45.
Such measures prevent electron scattering off of residual gas atoms as well as the formation of a thin " gas ( adsorbate ) layer " on the surface of the specimen, which degrades analytical performance.
46.
In traditional dark-field imaging ( in a parallel beam mode, not STEM ), an objective aperture is placed in the diffraction plane so as to only collect electrons scattering through that aperture, avoiding the main beam.
47.
Secondary electrons are generally considered to have energies below 50 eV . The rate of energy loss for electron scattering is very low, so most electrons released have energies peaking below 5 eV ( Seiler, 1983 ).
48.
The Michigan team led by Pallab Bhattacharya used a combination of modulation doping of the quantum wells in the active region, to enhance polariton-electron scattering, and an external magnetic field to enhance the polariton-phonon scattering and the exciton-polariton saturation density.
49.
At temperatures above 50 K its properties are typical of a Kondo metal, with metallic electrical conductivity characterized by strong electron scattering, whereas at low temperatures, it behaves as a non-magnetic insulator with a narrow band gap of about 4 14 meV.
50.
By the use of differential pumping, an electron beam is generated and propagated freely in the vacuum of the upper column, from the electron gun down to PLA2, from which point onwards the electron beam gradually loses electrons due to electron scattering by gas molecules.
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