An impression has sometimes arisen that ephemeris time was in use from 1900 : this probably arose because ET, though proposed and adopted in the period 1948 1952, was defined in detail using formulae that made retrospective use of the epoch date of 1900 January 0 and of Tables of the Sun.
42.
TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time ( ET ), in that ET can be seen ( within the limits of the lesser accuracy and precision achievable in its time ) to be an approximation to TDB as well as to Terrestrial Time ( TT ) ( see Ephemeris time ?Implementations ).
43.
TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time ( ET ), in that ET can be seen ( within the limits of the lesser accuracy and precision achievable in its time ) to be an approximation to TDB as well as to Terrestrial Time ( TT ) ( see Ephemeris time ?Implementations ).
44.
:: As for your question 2, I'm not sure, but it may have just been a side-effect of a decision to set UTC, at that time, to a particular offset from Ephemeris Time or TAI during the years shortly before the introduction of leap seconds.
45.
Historical Julian dates were recorded relative to GMT or Ephemeris Time, but the International Astronomical Union now recommends that Julian dates be specified in Terrestrial Time, and that when necessary to specify Julian dates using a different time scale, that the time scale used be indicated when required, such as JD ( UT1 ).
46.
From the comparison of formulae ( 2 ) and ( 3 ), both of which express the same real solar motion in the same real time but on different time scales, Clemence arrived at an explicit expression, estimating the difference in seconds of time between ephemeris time and mean solar time, in the sense ( ET-UT ):
47.
Ephemeris time was consequently developed as a standard that was free from the irregularities of Earth rotation, by defining the time " as the independent variable of the equations of celestial mechanics ", and it was at first measured astronomically, relying on the existing gravitational theories of the motions of the Earth about the Sun and of the Moon about the Earth.
48.
All three of these time scales were defined to read JD 2443144.5003725 ( 1 January 1977 00 : 00 : 32.184 ) exactly at that instant . ( The offset is to provide continuity with the older Ephemeris Time . ) TAI was henceforth a realisation of TT, with the equation TT ( TAI ) = TAI + 32.184 s.
49.
The availability of atomic clocks, together with the increasing accuracy of astronomical observations ( which meant that relativistic corrections were at least in the foreseeable future no longer going to be small enough to be neglected ), led to the eventual replacement of the ephemeris time standard by more refined time scales including terrestrial time and barycentric dynamical time, to which ET can be seen as an approximation.
50.
Ephemeris time ( ET ) is the independent variable in the equations of motion of the solar system, in particular, the equations in use from 1960 to 1984 . ( McCarthy & Seidelmann, 2009, p . 378 ) That is, the length of the second used in the solar system calculations could be adjusted until the length that gives the best agreement with observations is found.
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