As more copper is consumed from the boards, the etchant becomes saturated and less effective; different etchants have different capacities for copper, with some as high as 150 grams of copper per litre of solution.
42.
The etchant removes copper on all surfaces exposed by the resist . " Undercut " occurs when etchant attacks the thin edge of copper under the resist; this can reduce conductor widths and cause open-circuits.
43.
The etchant removes copper on all surfaces exposed by the resist . " Undercut " occurs when etchant attacks the thin edge of copper under the resist; this can reduce conductor widths and cause open-circuits.
44.
Sodium picrate is used as an etchant in metallography to differ preeutectoid ferrite in hypoeutectoid steel from preeutectoid cementite in hypereutectoid steel by etching cementite to a dark colour, whereas not attacking ferrite and thus it remains reflective.
45.
In traditional pure etching, a metal ( usually copper, zinc or steel ) plate is covered with a waxy French for " biting " ) or " etchant ", or has acid washed over it.
46.
As an alternative to immersion, single wafer machines use the Bernoulli principle to employ a gas ( usually, pure nitrogen ) to cushion and protect one side of the wafer while etchant is applied to the other side.
47.
Exposure of the photo resist through a negative and its subsequent development creates areas on the plate that are either protected by the resist or exposed to the effects of the dye, bleach, or etchant that are used to create the contrasting mark.
48.
In the highly exposed areas, where the carbon tissue photoresist is thickest and hardest, the etchant takes a long time to eat through the hard emulsion, while in the least exposed, thinnest regions the etchant eats through the resist into the copper very quickly.
49.
In the highly exposed areas, where the carbon tissue photoresist is thickest and hardest, the etchant takes a long time to eat through the hard emulsion, while in the least exposed, thinnest regions the etchant eats through the resist into the copper very quickly.
50.
In addition to being a chemical reagent, phosphoric acid has a wide variety of uses, including as a rust inhibitor, food additive, dental and orthop ( a ) edic etchant, electrolyte, flux, dispersing agent, industrial etchant, fertilizer feedstock, and component of home cleaning products.
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