An example is high-pressure and high-temperature fractional crystallization of granites to produce single-feldspar granite, and low-pressure low-temperature conditions which produce two-feldspar granites.
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Fractional crystallization in silicate melts ( magmas ) is complex compared to crystallization in chemical systems at constant pressure and composition, because changes in pressure and composition can have dramatic effects on magma evolution.
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Some granite-composition magmas are eutectic ( or cotectic ) melts, and they may be produced by low to high degrees of partial melting of the crust, as well as by fractional crystallization.
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For decades, the commercial technology for separating tantalum from niobium involved the fractional crystallization of potassium heptafluorotantalate away from potassium oxypentafluoroniobate monohydrate, a process that was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866.
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The resulting niobium and tantalum potassium-fluorides ( K 2 [ TaF 7 ], K 2 [ NbOF 5 ] ) could then be separated by fractional crystallization, due to their different water solubilities.
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High-temperature fractional crystallization of relatively water-poor granite magmas may produce single-alkali-feldspar granite, and lower-temperature crystallization of relatively water-rich magma may produce two-feldspar granite.
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Care must be taken when handling some of the residues as they contain fractional crystallization of La ( NO 3 ) 3 ?NH 4 NO 3 ?H 2 O, or by ion-exchange techniques when higher purity is desired.
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Marignac discovered that niobium and tantalum could be separated by fractional crystallization separation of potassium heptafluorotantalate from potassium oxypentafluoroniobate monohydrate, a process which was used commercially until displaced by solvent extraction separation of the same fluorides starting in the 1950s.
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As magma cools the chemicals in the crystals formed are effectively removed from the main mix of the magma ( by a process known as fractional crystallization ), so the chemical content of the remaining magma evolves as it solidifies slowly.
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In such occurrences, the granophyre may form as an end product of fractional crystallization of a parent mafic magma, or by melting of rocks into which the mafic magma was emplaced, or by a combination of the two processes.
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