It flows parallel to ageostrophic wind component is the difference between actual and geostrophic wind, which is responsible for air " filling up " cyclones over time.
42.
Given both hydrostatic and geostrophic balance, one can derive the thermal wind relation : the vertical gradient of the horizontal wind is proportional to the horizontal temperature gradient.
43.
Geopotential height contours can be used to calculate the geostrophic wind, which is faster where the contours are more closely spaced and tangential to the geopotential height contours.
44.
The geostrophic wind neglects frictional effects, which is usually a good approximation for the Quasigeostrophic and Semigeostrophic theory are used to model flows in the atmosphere more widely.
45.
"' Barotropic "'models assume the atmosphere is nearly barotropic, which means that the direction and speed of the geostrophic wind are independent of height.
46.
The quasi-geostrophic equations fail in the dynamics of frontogenesis because this weather phenomenon is of smaller scale compared to the Rossby radius; so semigeostrophic theory is used.
47.
While the SECC is geostrophic in nature, the physical mechanism for its appearance is less clear than with the NECC; that is, Sverdrup theory does not obviously explain its existence.
48.
Where \ rho is seawater density, " Vg " is the geostrophic meridional mass transport and w _ E is the vertical velocity at the base of the Ekman layer.
49.
The definition of Ekman velocity is the difference between the total horizontal velocity ( \ boldsymbol { u } ) and the geostrophic velocity ( \ boldsymbol { u } _ g ):
50.
Other variants of the equation are possible; for example, the geostrophic wind vector can be expressed in terms of the gradient of the geopotential height ? on a surface of constant pressure:
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