Fluoroquinolones were a useful next-line treatment until resistance was achieved through efflux pumps and mutations to the gyrA gene, which encodes DNA gyrase.
42.
DNA gyrase is an important enzyme that introduces a negative supercoil to the DNA and is responsible for the biological processes in DNA replication and transcription.
43.
In Gram-negative bacteria, plasmid-mediated resistance genes produce proteins that can bind to DNA gyrase, protecting it from the action of quinolones.
44.
In gram-negative bacteria, plasmid-mediated resistance genes produce proteins that can bind to DNA gyrase, protecting it from the action of quinolones.
45.
The ability of gyrase ( and topoisomerase IV ) to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue.
46.
For one thing, the microbe appears to have only one gene, called a reverse gyrase, that is not found in organisms that live at ordinary temperatures.
47.
RNAs are always found in the presumed 5'untranslated regions of " gyrA " genes, which encodes a protein forming a subunit of a DNA gyrase.
48.
It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, which is an enzyme necessary to separate, replicated DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
49.
Glutamate racemase ( MurI ) serves two distinct metabolic functions : primarily, it is a critical enzyme in cell wall biosynthesis, but also plays a role in gyrase inhibition.
50.
DNA gyrase was incubated with the MurI enzyme and then added to a sample of DNA; the results of this experiment showed inhibition of supercoiling activity when MurI was present.
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