These include : Core heat removal through natural circulation; direct injection of emergency core coolant system ( ECCS ) water in fuel; and the availability of a large inventory of borated water in overhead gravity-driven water pool ( GDWP ) to facilitate sustenance of core decay heat removal.
42.
These include : Core heat removal through natural circulation; direct injection of emergency core coolant system ( ECCS ) water in fuel; and the availability of a large inventory of borated water in overhead gravity-driven water pool ( GDWP ) to facilitate sustenance of core decay heat removal.
43.
Though this type of reactor is not susceptible to meltdown, additional capabilities of heat removal are provided by using regular atmospheric airflow as a means of backup heat removal, by having it pass through a heat exchanger and rising into the atmosphere due to convection, achieving full residual heat removal.
44.
Though this type of reactor is not susceptible to meltdown, additional capabilities of heat removal are provided by using regular atmospheric airflow as a means of backup heat removal, by having it pass through a heat exchanger and rising into the atmosphere due to convection, achieving full residual heat removal.
45.
Though this type of reactor is not susceptible to meltdown, additional capabilities of heat removal are provided by using regular atmospheric airflow as a means of backup heat removal, by having it pass through a heat exchanger and rising into the atmosphere due to convection, achieving full residual heat removal.
46.
The General Atomics NGNP programs, with experimental facilities at Argonne National Laboratory ( home to the Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility, a 1 / 2 scale air-cooled RCCS ) and the University of Wisconsin ( home to separate 1 / 4 scale air and water-cooled RCCS ),.
47.
EBR-II had a negative thermal coefficient of reactivity that shut down the reactor when the temperature increased due to loss of the coolant pumps; the time required to heat the large pool of sodium surrounding the reactor provided a sufficient time buffer for the passive decay heat removal system to prevent the EBR-II reactor from melting down.
48.
The ultimate heat sink was restored when the service seawater system pumps in the pump room were repaired in units 1, 2 and 4 starting March 13 restoring the normal ECCS and heat removal systems to operable status and cooling was switched to the Residual Heat Removal System ( RHR ) portion of the ECCS . The RHR systems were first activated to cool down the suppression pools ( torus ) and drywells to operable status, and water injections were made to the reactors using the Low Pressure Coolant Injection ( LPCI ) mode as needed.
49.
The ultimate heat sink was restored when the service seawater system pumps in the pump room were repaired in units 1, 2 and 4 starting March 13 restoring the normal ECCS and heat removal systems to operable status and cooling was switched to the Residual Heat Removal System ( RHR ) portion of the ECCS . The RHR systems were first activated to cool down the suppression pools ( torus ) and drywells to operable status, and water injections were made to the reactors using the Low Pressure Coolant Injection ( LPCI ) mode as needed.
50.
This coolant has several extremely beneficial properties for a reactor : it is opaque to gamma radiation, but transparent to neutron flux; it melts easily at a low temperature, but does not boil until an extremely high temperature is reached; it does not greatly expand or contract when exposed to heat or cold; it has a high heat capacity; it will naturally circulate through the reactor core without pumps being required-whether during normal operation or as a means of residual decay heat removal; and it will solidify once decay heat from a used reactor has dropped to a low level.
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