41. Democracies includes other democracies in the ingroup ; the elites of oligarchies similarly include the elites of other oligarchies. 42. The neglect of the latter scenario is attributed to the looking glass approaches implicit focus on ingroup member appraisals. 43. The need to compete is aligned with high SDO, and, again, influences ingroup and outgroup attitudes. 44. In addition, Eidelman and Biernat showed in 2003 that personal identities are also threatened through deviant ingroup members. 45. Researchers have typically investigated infrahumanisation by looking at the types of emotions people believe ingroup and outgroup members possess. 46. The perspective he takes for the sake of developing axioms is that of the stranger immersed in an ingroup . 47. Tropp and Wright created an instrument to measure the extent that an individual includes the ingroup in the self. 48. Because divisive group membership is deemphasized in these categorization strategies, people from opposing groups express less ingroup favoritism. 49. The comparison referred to how sixteen different adjectives " fit " or " described " both their ingroup and outgroup. 50. When perceiving ingroup members a perceiver may experience either an intergroup context or an " intragroup " context.
