41. It represents the response of the circuit to an input voltage consisting of an impulse or Dirac delta function. 42. A bipolar common-emitter stage with a base resistor connected between the base and the input voltage source. 43. The output voltage is equal to the input voltage " V i " and completely neutralizes it. 44. This also relates to series resistors for zener diode voltage references that is affected by input voltage and temperature. 45. The no-load output DC voltage of an ideal half-wave rectifier for a sinusoidal input voltage is: 46. Such power supplies will sometimes employ a transformer to convert the input voltage to a higher or lower AC voltage. 47. If all the input voltages are low ( logical " 0 " ), the transistor is cut-off. 48. OUT " R " } } across the current sensing resistor R equal to the constant input voltage . 49. They put out a much more constant voltage than unregulated supplies as the input voltage and the load current vary. 50. Hence it is convenient and fair to represent the input voltage ( 1 ) as constant over a few impulses.
