41. In the opinion of most researchers, Kirghiz nomads initially used the areas in upper Gojal as winter pastures. 42. The Yenisei Kirghiz were made to pay tribute in a treaty concluded between the Dzungars and Russians in 1635. 43. The collective is usually hyphenated as Vlasov-Fere-Maldybayev, which also composed the Kirghiz national anthem. 44. It was developed by breeding the Old Kirghiz with Thoroughbred, Russian Don, and Anglo-Don horses. 45. The Novokirghiz is faster and more refined than the Old Kirghiz as a result of breeding with the Thoroughbred. 46. Osman Ali, the Kirghiz rebel, attempted to attack the yamen, but was repulsed with heavy losses. 47. The "'Kirghiz rebellion "'occurred when Kyrgyz irregulars in Xinjiang revolted against the government. 48. The East Turkestan Republic banished the Swedish missionaries and tortured and jailed Christian converts, mainly Kirghiz and Uighurs. 49. Like the natives of the Kirghiz Khanate before them, all this Russian crop cultivation was done by plough. 50. In 1925, the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast was created in Russian Turkestan, promoting Pishpek to its capital.
