A diploid cell ( megaspore mother cell ) in the ovule undergoes meiosis ( involving two successive cell divisions ) to produce four cells ( megaspores or female gametes ) with haploid nuclei.
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A diploid cell ( megaspore mother cell ) in the ovule undergoes meiosis ( involving two successive cell divisions ) to produce four cells ( megaspores or female gametes ) with haploid nuclei.
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The cones usually bear two kinds of sporangia : lobed megasporangia in the lower part of the cone which produce megaspores and simple microsporangia in the upper part which produce many tiny microspores.
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Female specimens bear megaspores that are found in large numbers in the upper part of the stem, with the appearance of pinnate leaves that enclose the ovules, in clumps of 4.
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The " female " cells called megaspores, which will divide to become the egg cell ( megagametogenesis ), are contained in the ovule and enclosed in the carpel ( or megasporophyll ).
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The sacs at the bottom of leaves create two types of spores, female ( megaspores, about 0.5 mm diameter ) and male ( microspores, a few micrometres in diameter ).
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This has two consequences firstly, it means it is not fully resistant to desiccation, and secondly, sperm do not have to " burrow " to access the archegonia of the megaspore.
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Megaspores number up to 36 per sporangium, gray-green, drying olive green, each up to 320 ?m in diameter, covered with tubercules ( bumps ) over most of the surface.
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Considerable confusion has resulted because diplospory is often defined to involve the megaspore mother cell only, but a number of plant families have a multicellular archesporium and the megagametophyte could originate from another archesporium cell.
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Fossil lycopod megaspores reaching 1 cm in diameter, and surrounded by vegetative tissue, are known ( Lepidocarpon, Achlamydocarpon ); these even germinate into a megagametophyte " in situ ".
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