41. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and, thus, functions as a negative regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. 42. Adapter molecule crk is a member of an C-terminal SH3 domain functions as a negative regulator of transformation. 43. The encoded protein acts as a dominant-negative regulator of transcription of other nuclear receptors including steroidogenic factor 1. 44. It is thought that factors containing the alpha-3 subunit are negative regulators of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. 45. This loop contains both positive regulators, which increase gene expression, and negative regulators , which decrease gene expression. 46. The IRA domains are hypothesized to function as negative regulators of RAS, along with the GRD domain in between them. 47. Regulatory genes can also be described as positive or negative regulators , based on the environmental conditions that surround the cell. 48. TRAF1 also functions as a negative regulator of inflammation by interfering with the linear ubiquitination of NEMO downstream of TLR signaling. 49. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a negative regulator of NF-kappa-B mediated transcription. 50. The drug targeted an immune checkpoint called CTLA-4, known as a key negative regulator of T cell activity.