41. The amines and alcohols are nucleophiles; the mechanism is a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 42. When the substrate is an aromatic compound the reaction type is nucleophilic aromatic substitution. 43. The final two mechanisms show nucleophilic addition and a reaction using a carbon radical. 44. Use of oxygen or sulphur as the nucleophilic atom causes minor differences in catalysis. 45. This scheme begins with rate determining nucleophilic addition by the urea to the aldehyde. 46. In the Pr�vost reaction, the iodinium ion undergoes nucleophilic attack by benzoate anion. 47. Step 2 : nucleophilic attack of activated substrate hydroxyl on ATP ?-phosphate. 48. The reaction above is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. 49. This group has a partial positive charge and therefore is susceptible to nucleophilic attack. 50. Ivanov was the initiator of studies on the reaction of nucleophilic reagents with coumarins.
