Damage to this nerve, termed oculomotor nerve palsy is also known by the " down'n out " symptoms, because of the position of the affected eye ( lateral, downward deviation of gaze ).
42.
Some of the causes of anisocoria are life-threatening, including Horner's syndrome ( which may be due to carotid dissection ) and oculomotor nerve palsy ( due to a brain aneurysm, uncal herniation, or head trauma ).
43.
The main function of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is to send axons in the oculomotor nerve to control the ciliary ganglion which in turn, sends its axons in the short ciliary nerve to control the iris and the ciliary muscle of the eye.
44.
For example, a direct response in the right pupil without a consensual response in the left pupil suggests a problem with the motor connection to the left pupil ( perhaps as a result of damage to the oculomotor nerve or Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the brainstem ).
45.
On the converse, an aneurysm which leads to compression of the oculomotor nerve affects the superficial fibers and manifests as a third nerve palsy with loss of the pupillary reflex ( in fact, this third nerve finding is considered to represent an aneurysm until proven otherwise and should be investigated ).
46.
Cavernous sinus syndrome may result from mass effect of these tumors and cause ophthalmoplegia ( from compression of the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve ), ophthalmic sensory loss ( from compression of the ophthalmic nerve ), and maxillary sensory loss ( from compression of the maxillary nerve ).
47.
The stimulation of the trigeminal nerve by contraction of the pterygoid muscles of jaw results in the excitation of the branch of the oculomotor nerve that innervates the levator palpebrae superioris ipsilaterally ( on the same side of the face ), so the patient will have rhythmic upward jerking of their upper eyelid.
48.
The oculomotor nerve controls all the muscles that move the parasympathetic nerve fibers within CNIII that influence pupillary size are found on the periphery of the nerve ( in terms of a cross-sectional view ), which makes them less susceptible to ischemic damage ( as they are closer to the vascular supply ).
49.
The branch of communication with the oculomotor nerve joins that nerve at its point of division; the branch to the trochlear nerve joins it as it lies on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus; other filaments are connected with the under surface of the ophthalmic nerve; and a second filament joins the abducent nerve.
50.
It transmits the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, and the abducent nerve, the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic nervous system, the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery, a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater, and the ophthalmic vein.
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