41. A dedicated voltage comparator will generally be faster than a general-purpose operational amplifier pressed into service as a comparator. 42. An inductor can be replaced by a much smaller assembly containing a capacitor, operational amplifiers or transistors, and resistors. 43. It might be possible to use the next faster operational amplifier in comperator mode to change it to a square voltage. 44. Finally the difference of the two squares is formed and scaled by a factor of one fourth using yet another operational amplifier . 45. "' National Semiconductor "'was an audio and operational amplifiers , communication interface products and data conversion solutions. 46. Integrated circuit devices, such as operational amplifiers commonly quote equivalent input noise level in these terms ( at room temperature ). 47. The company developed the first commercial solid-state operational amplifier and led the world in high-precision data conversion technology. 48. His work was closely associated with George Philbrick, who is credited along with Lovell as the developer of the operational amplifier . 49. Inputs employed 16-bit A / D converters attached to operational amplifier simulated neurons and a 1-wire temperature sensor. 50. The amplifying elements may be junction or field-effect transistors, vacuum tubes, operational amplifiers , or other types of amplifier.