Separation of the 3 + actinides can also be achieved by solvent extraction chromatography, using bis-( 2-ethylhexyl ) phosphoric acid ( abbreviated as HDEHP ) as the stationary organic phase, and nitric acid as the mobile aqueous phase.
42.
A pH of 4.5 has a higher concentration of H + ions that would neutralize the negative phosphate charges and cause DNA to dissolve in the organic phase, while RNA has additional hydroxyl group in pentose sugar which allows the RNA to remain in water phase.
43.
After use, the organic phase may be subjected to a cleaning step to remove any degradation products; for instance, in PUREX plants, the used organic phase is washed with sodium carbonate solution to remove any dibutyl hydrogen phosphate or butyl dihydrogen phosphate that might be present.
44.
After use, the organic phase may be subjected to a cleaning step to remove any degradation products; for instance, in PUREX plants, the used organic phase is washed with sodium carbonate solution to remove any dibutyl hydrogen phosphate or butyl dihydrogen phosphate that might be present.
45.
Ions of different charge ( + 2, + 3, or + 4 ) will then extract into the organic phase under different pH ranges, but this method will not separate the trivalent actinides and thus 256 Lr must be identified by its emitted 8.24 MeV alpha particles.
46.
Hence, if the aqueous phase in a reaction is a solution of sodium acetate while the organic phase is a nitrobenzene solution of benzyl chloride, then, when a phase transfer catalyst, the acetate anions can be transferred from the aqueous layer where they react with the benzyl chloride to form benzyl acetate and a chloride anion.
47.
The dibutyl hydrogen phosphate can make the system behave in a more complex manner as it tends to extract metals by an ion exchange mechanism ( extraction favoured by low acid concentration ), to reduce the effect of the dibutyl hydrogen phosphate it is common for the used organic phase to be washed with sodium carbonate solution to remove the acidic degradation products of the tributyl phosphate.
48.
The nobelium can then be isolated by exploiting its tendency to form the divalent state, unlike the other trivalent actinides : under typically used elution conditions ( bis-( 2-ethylhexyl ) phosphoric acid ( HDEHP ) as stationary organic phase and 0.05 M hydrochloric acid as mobile aqueous phase, or using 3 M hydrochloric acid as an eluant from cation-exchange resin columns ), nobelium will pass through the column and elute while the other trivalent actinides remain on the column.
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