41. All other verbs use the perfect tense ( " h?" + past participle ) for the past. 42. It denotes completed action, and is equivalent to the English construct with " having " + past participle . 43. The past participle indicates completed actions. 44. Just to prove my point, verbs somewhat synonimous to the above get by with only one past participle . 45. The secondary forms are a plain form used for the infinitive, a gerund participle and a past participle . 46. Many other irregular verbs are easily recognized because the " pass?simple " often resembles the past participle . 47. All usage manuals consider shrank the preferred or exclusive past tense of shrink, shrunk being the past participle . 48. Why do a rare few verbs in the English language have alternate past participles when only one is necessary? 49. Some past participles and other words underwent i-umlaut in Old West Norse but not in Old East Norse dialects. 50. How will this past participle of a short verb, in future permutations, further transform its meaning and vivify our tongue?
