Alfred Russel Wallace was also an advocate of polygenist evolution, claiming that the physical differences in races must have occurred at such a remote time in the past before humans had any intelligence, when natural selection was still operative on human bodies.
42.
In the view of Thomas Trautmann, in Crawfurd's attack on the Aryan theory there is a final rejection of the " languages and nations " approach, which was Prichard's, and a consequent freeing of ( polygenist ) racial theory.
43.
Along with Prichard, however, Latham criticised Cuvier's use of the " Caucasian race " concept; and he preferred to avoid the term " race ", referring instead to " varieties of man ", as a reaction to the rise of polygenist theory around 1850.
44.
These time-honored debates were sharpened by the rise of polygenist skeptical claims; when Louis Agassiz set out his polygenist views in 1847, they were opposed on Biblical grounds by John Bachman, and by Thomas Smyth in his " Unity of the Human Races ".
45.
These time-honored debates were sharpened by the rise of polygenist skeptical claims; when Louis Agassiz set out his polygenist views in 1847, they were opposed on Biblical grounds by John Bachman, and by Thomas Smyth in his " Unity of the Human Races ".
46.
In contrast to most of Darwin's supporters, Ernst Haeckel put forward a doctrine of evolutionary polygenism based on the ideas of the linguist and polygenist August Schleicher, in which several different language groups had arisen separately from speechless prehuman Urmenschen, which themselves had evolved from simian ancestors.
47.
Smith was nominally a monogenist, maintaining that the creation of humans was single rather than multiple, but he was less convinced by the standard theories of the time coming from Count Buffon and Georges Cuvier on interfertility and species; the book also referred to the polygenist views held by Samuel George Morton.
48.
Like most of Darwin's supporters, Ernst Haeckel ( 1834-1919 ) put forward a doctrine of evolutionary polygenism based on the ideas of the linguist and polygenist August Schleicher, in which several different language groups had arisen separately from speechless prehuman " Urmenschen " ( German for " original humans " ), which themselves had evolved from simian ancestors.
49.
This is where Foucault discusses a counterhistory of race struggle or race war . According to Foucault Marx and Engels used or borrowed the term " Race " and transversed the term race into a new term called " Class struggle " which later Marxist accepted and began to use . This is more partly to do with Marx's antagonistic relationship with Karl Vogt who for his time was a convinced Polygenist which Marx and Engels had inherented Vogt's belief . Foucault quotes letters written by Marx to Engels in 1854 and Joseph Weydemeyer in 1852.
50.
His own publications include " Essais sur les Iles Fortun�es " ( 1802; " Essays on the Fortunate Islands ", or Canary Islands ), " Voyage dans les Iles d'Afrique " ( 1803; " Travels in the Islands of Africa " ), " Voyage souterrain, ou description du plateau de Saint-Pierre de Maestricht et de ses vastes cryptes " ( 1821; " Travels Underground, or Description of St . Pietersberg in Maastricht and Its Great Caves " ), " L'Homme, essai zoologique sur le genre humain " ( 1827; " Man : Zoological Essay on the Human Species " ), in which he adopted a polygenist perspective . and " Resume de la g�ographie de la Peninsule " ( 1838; " Summary of the Geography of the Iberian Peninsula " ).
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