"' Post-transcriptional modification "'or "'Co-transcriptional modification "'is the process in eukaryotic cells where primary transcript RNA is converted into transcription contains both exons ( coding or important sequences involved in translation ), and introns ( non-coding sequences ).
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Judith Lengyel and Sheldon Penman from the department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) in Cambridge, Massachusetts wrote an article about one type of primary transcript involved in the genes of two dipterans, or insects that have two wings : " Drosophila " and " Aedes ".
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It was originally thought that the 3 & prime;-flanking DNA was not transcribed at all, but it was discovered to be transcribed into RNA and quickly removed during processing of the primary transcript to form the mature mRNA . The 3 & prime;-flanking region often contains sequences that affect the formation of the 3 & prime;-end of the message.
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MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are short ( 20-24 nt ) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and mRNAs . miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts ( pri-miRNAs ) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding.
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MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are short ( 20-24 nt ) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs . miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts ( pri-miRNAs ) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding.
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The first product of transcription differs in eukaryotic cells, as in prokaryotic cells the product is mRNA, which needs no post-transcriptional modification, whereas, in eukaryotic cells, the first product is called primary transcript, that needs post-transcriptional modification ( capping with 7-methyl-guanosine, tailing with a poly A tail ) to give hnRNA ( heterogeneous nuclear RNA ) . hnRNA then undergoes splicing of introns ( noncoding parts of the gene ) via spliceosomes to produce the final mRNA.
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