Gambling introduced the first patrons because some of the gamblers decided to strengthen their bets by forming their own teams and it is believed the first “”county teams“” were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660, especially as members of the nobility were employing “”local experts“” from village cricket as the earliest professionals.[5] The first known game in which the teams use county names is in 1709 but there can be little doubt that these sort of fixtures were being arranged long before that. The match in 1697 was probably Sussex versus another county.The most notable of the early patrons were a group of aristocrats and businessmen who were active from about 1725, which is the time that press coverage became more regular, perhaps as a result of the patrons' influence. These men included the 2nd Duke of Richmond, Sir William Gage, Alan Brodrick and Edward Stead. For the first time, the press mentions individual players like Thomas Waymark. 1598 में 1550 के आसपासरॉयल ग्रामर स्कूल गिल्डफोर्ड (Royal Grammar School Guildford) में लड़कों के द्वारा खेले जा रहे एक खेल creckett का एक अदालती मामला सामने आया. यह इस खेल का सबसे पुराना निश्चित उल्लेख है.ऐसा लगता है कि यह मूलतः एक बच्चों का खेल था लेकिन १६१० के आस पास के सन्दर्भ यह बताते हैं कि वयस्कों ने इसे खेलना शुरू कर दिया था और इसके ठीक बाद इंटर पेरिश गांव क्रिकेट (village cricket) के सन्दर्भ मिले. 1624 में एक खिलाड़ी जेस्पर विनाल (Jasper Vinall)की मृत्यु हो गई जब सुस्सेक्स में दो पेरिश टीमों के बीच एक मैच के दोरान उसके सर पर चोट लगी.
42.
Historically, Pakistan has always championed the Arab and Palestinian cause. Our stand against Israel has been confrontational. Interaction with Jews or the Jewish state has been taboo. We have been more pious than the pope on the subject of the Palestinian-Israeli dispute, given that we are not Arab and that quite a few other Muslim countries, including Arab countries, have recognized Israel, at least to some degree. I have always wondered what we stand to gain by this policy. It is a given that Israel, besides being the staunchest ally of the United States, has a very potent Jewish lobby there that could wield influence against Pakistan's interest. Moreover, if the intention is to strengthen and promote Palestinian rights, I thought more could be contributed through joining the dialogue rather than remaining on the sidelines. The change that has occurred in the political realities of the Middle East and the world after the end of the Cold War, and after 9/11, suggested to me that it was time to reconsider our policy toward Israel. I am aware of the sensitivity of this issue, domestically and in the Arab world, and I realize that we must tread carefully. इस पृष्ठभूमि के विपरीत मुशर्रफ ने 1945 से लेकर अबतक के कालखंड को टकराव का काल बताया. जैसा कि मैंने भी पाया है कि 1945 ऐसा महत्वपूर्ण वर्ष था जब यहूदियों ने ईसाइयों के देश से इस्लामिक देशों को जाना बंद कर दिया और यह प्रक्रिया ठीक विपरीत हो चली . पिछले 6 दशकों ने तेरह शताब्दियों की परंपरा को खंडित् कर दिया . मुशर्रफ ने इस खाई के लिए किसी पर दोषारोपण तो नहीं किया लेकिन इतना अवश्य कहा कि यह समस्या मानवता के इतिहास की खूनी शताब्दी में उत्पन्न हुई.
43.
Without weakening the parliamentary system , the concept of ministerial responsibility or the position of the Parliament and its existing Committees , an integrated system of Departmental Committees could strengthen even the government by providing valuable insights into its own working , provide to the Parliament sharper and more effective surveillance tools , restore the balance between the Parliament 's legislative and deliberative functions and its role as a representational body , and above all save valuable parliamentary time to the mutual advantage of both the Parliament and the government . मंत्रिमंडलीय उत्तरदायित्व की संकल्पना अथवा संसद की स्थिति को किसी प्रकार भी कमजोर किये बिना सभी विषयों-मंत्रालयों और विभागों के लिए संसदीय समितियों की संपूर्ण एकीकृत व्यवस्था स्वयं सरकार को अधिक प्रभावी बना सकती है क्योंकि नीतियों के वास्तविक कार्यकरण में आने वाली कठिनाइयों को उजागर कर , ये समितियां सरकार को एक नयी अंतर्दृष्टि दे सकती है , संसद को प्रशासनिक कार्यकलापों की जांच पड़ताल के लिए अधिक सक्षम और पैने उपकरण उपलब्ध करा सकती है तथा संसद की विधायी एवं पर्यालोचन भूमिका तथा प्रतिनिधिक भूमिका के बीच आवश्यक तालमेल बैठा सकती हैं.साथ ही संसद और सरकार दोनों के लिए लाभकारी बहुमूल्य समय की बचत करा सकती हैं.सदन के वाद विवाद में प्रचार माध्यमों का विशेष महत्व रहता है किंतु समितियां अधिक शांतिपूर्ण , गंभीर और चकाचौंध से मुक्त वातावरण में , दलगत राजनीति से ऊपर उठकर , कुछ ठोस विचार करने और सार्थक सुझाव पेश करने में सफल हो सकती
44.
The origins of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) date back to World War II when America's huge military buildup required the rapid procurement of vast amounts of munitions and supplies. During the war, the military services began to coordinate more extensively when it came to procurement, particularly procurement of petroleum products, medical supplies, clothing, and other commodities. The main offices of the Army and Navy for each commodity were collocated. After the war, the call grew louder for more complete coordination throughout the whole field of supply - including storage, distribution, transportation, and other aspects of supply. In 1947, there were seven supply systems in the Army, plus an Air Technical Service Command, and 18 systems in the Navy, including the quartermaster of the Marine Corps. Passage of the National Security Act of 1947 prompted new efforts to eliminate duplication and overlap among the services in the supply area and laid the foundation for the eventual creation of a single integrated supply agency. The act created the Munitions Board, which began to reorganize these major supply categories into joint procurement agencies. Meanwhile, in 1949, the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (Hoover Commission), a presidential commission headed by former President Herbert Hoover, recommended that the National Security Act be specifically amended so as to strengthen the authority of the Secretary of Defense so that he could integrate the organization and procedures of the various phases of supply in the military services. जानबूझकर गैर का लक्ष्यीकरण-लड़ाकों - यह सामान्य है कि आतंकवाद के विशिष्ट प्रकृति अपने जानबूझकर और विशिष्ट चयन का में निहित है आयोजित किया जाता है नागरिक (civilian)s सीधे लक्ष्य के रूप में.विशेष रूप से आपराधिक इरादे जब शिशुओं बच्चों माताओं और बुजुर्गों कत्ल कर रहे हैं या घायल हो गए और बुराई के रास्ते में डाल दिखाया गया है.बहुत समय की आतंकवाद के शिकार लोगों क्योंकि वे धमकियों रहे हैं पर नहीं लक्षित कर रहे हैं क्योंकि वे विशिष्ट प्रतीकों उपकरण जानवरों या भ्रष्ट प्राणी दुनिया के एक विशेष दृश्य में टाई है कि आतंकवादी ने कहा कि अधिकारी हो रहे हैं.उनके पीड़ित डर instilling के आतंकवादियों लक्ष्य एक दर्शक या अन्यथा उनके अक्सर कट्टरपंथी धार्मिक और राजनीतिक समाप्त होता है accomplishing करने के लिए एक संदेश बाहर निकल रहा accomplishes.
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