41. For these reasons, relative humidities over ice in the atmosphere can be found above 100 %, meaning supersaturation as occurred. 42. Supersaturation of water is actually very common in the upper troposphere, occurring between 20 % and 40 % of the time.43. Early reports determined that Ru decreased the supersaturation of Re in the matrix and thereby diminished the susceptibility to TCP phase formation. 44. Another possibility is that the water stays in vapor form, even though it is beyond the saturation point, resulting in supersaturation . 45. Supersaturation is one of the driving forces of crystallization, as the solubility of a species is an equilibrium process quantified by Ksp.46. The larger supersaturation with respect to ice, once present, causes it to grow fast thus scavenging water from the vapor phase. 47. However, if the supersaturation is only 0.3 %, the drop will only grow until about 0.5 micrometers. 48. Pedley et al . ( 2009 ) showed with flume experiments that precipitation does not occur unless a biofilm is present, despite supersaturation . 49. Supersaturation of more than 1 2 % relative to water is rarely seen in the atmosphere, since cloud condensation nuclei are usually present.50. Then wait for this supersaturation to reduce and become just saturation ( relative humidity = 100 % ), which is the equilibrium state.
