The economic circumstances of the " Lehnsleute " varied greatly, but as the territorial states developed in the late Middle Ages, their fighting duties were supplanted by the creation of mercenary armies and their role in governing estates was increasingly taken over by trained, non-aristocratic administrators.
42.
In 1787 he was elected to the North Carolina General Assembly and shortly thereafter was elected judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina, Washington District, a post he served in until 1790, when he was appointed to be a territorial state judge in the Southwest Territory by Governor William Blount.
43.
In 1803, in the so-called " Rittersturm " ( " Knights'Assault " ), the great territorial states of Bavaria, W�rttemberg and Baden also seized the little territories, often of just a few villages, belonging to the Imperial Knights and the Franconian nobility, although the " Reichsdeputationshauptschluss " had not mentioned them.
44.
Until the 16th century and, in some cases, beyond that, territorial states were characterised by a certain dualism, in that the territorial lords ( the princes ) held power jointly with the estates or " Landst�nde " and both sides often had rights with respect to the other as well as separate institutions and administrations.
45.
Book II, " States of Peace ", posits that the great peace congresses that sorted out the winners and losers of epochal wars wrote constitutions for the society of states and thus ratified each new constitutional order ( Augsburg / princely state; Westphalia / kingly state; Utrecht / territorial state; Vienna / state nation; Versailles / nation state ).
46.
Looking at them, one realizes that only their persistence _ remaining in this corner of Europe for seven years to resolve all the issues _ enabled the peace congresses to put back in the bottle the genie of unrestrained aggression that had been spawned by the new capabilities of gunpowder warfare and the new ambitions of the territorial state.
47.
For example, the estates of the Imperial Knights were formally mediatised in 1806, having " de facto " been seized by the great territorial states in 1803 in the so-called " Rittersturm " . " Secularization " was the abolition of the temporal power of an ecclesiastical ruler such as a bishop or an abbot and the annexation of the secularized territory to a secular territory.
48.
If one conceives of a world community made up " of sovereign, territorial states . . . [ the implication is ] that the space between these states is " res extra commercium ", a space that, because of its position and function within this community, is disassociated from the full package of rights to possession, exclusion, and alienation that normally may be claimed by holders of property ."
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