Tetraethyl orthosilicate is safer for two reasons . 1 ) It is considerably less volatile . 2 ) It is hydrolyzed more slowly by the water in the lungs and on the eyes ( due to steric bulk ).
42.
He wrote respectfully to Pierre S . DuPont, chairman of GM, in November 1922, asking if the company had collected " any data " on the possible health effects of manufacturing and using tetraethyl lead.
43.
The Ethyl Corporation, a joint venture of General Motors and Standard Oil, built a plant for the manufacture of tetraethyl lead ( TEL, the " lead " in leaded gasoline ) at the refinery over the course of three months in 1924.
44.
1, 2-ethanedinitrile reacts with iodoethane in the presence of P 4-" t "-Bu in 98 % yield to give the tetraethyl derivative without undergoing a Thorpe-Ziegler reaction to form a cyclic ?-ketonitrile.
45.
He determined, through ice-core samples from Greenland, that atmospheric lead levels had begun to increase steadily and dangerously soon after tetraethyl lead began to see widespread use in fuel, when it was discovered to reduce engine knock in internal combustion engines.
46.
Thomas Midgley ( who held a PhD and was the inventor of tetraethyl lead and halogenated hydrocarbon refrigerants ) said of trial and error, " the trick is to turn a wild goose chase into a fox hunt " ( quoted in Hughes 2004 ).
47.
Environmental groups compare the potential risks to the dangers now associated with tetraethyl lead, a compound containing lead that was the predominant octane enhancer until it was phased out, beginning in 1979, because of its adverse affect on catalytic converters and for health reasons.
48.
Houdry later became interested in automotive catalysts, and the catalytic converter was one of approximately 100 patents that he received, but nothing came of it until the 1970s because the tetraethyl lead that was still in use in the 1950s and 1960s poisoned the catalyst.
49.
The federal government did not require industry to begin to phase out the use of tetraethyl lead as an anti-knock additive in gasoline until the 1970s, long after Turkevich had found a way to alter the hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum from linear chains to rings.
50.
The stranding was the cause of one of Cape Town's earliest great environmental scares, owing to the cargo including drums of tetramethyl lead and tetraethyl lead, volatile and highly toxic compounds that in those days were added to motor fuels as an anti-knocking agent.
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