Most reactor designs in existence are thermal reactors and typically use water as a neutron moderator ( moderator means that it slows down the neutron to a thermal speed ) and as a coolant.
42.
Today's thermal reactors can reuse plutonium to a limited degree as MOX fuel, which is common outside the US . Some reactors limit MOX fuel to a fraction of the total fuel load for nuclear stability reasons.
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The Gen IV MSR is more accurately termed an epithermal reactor than a thermal reactor due to the average speed of the neutrons that would cause the fission events within its fuel being faster than thermal neutrons.
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Pressurized water reactors, like all thermal reactor designs, require the fast fission neutrons to be slowed down ( a process called moderation or thermal ) in order to interact with the nuclear fuel and sustain the chain reaction.
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Because of this, much of the 135 Xe produced in current thermal reactors ( as much as > 90 % at steady-state full power ) will be converted to stable 136 Xe before it can decay to 135 Cs.
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The Fugen thermal reactor in Tsuruga, 323 kilometers ( 202 miles ) west of Tokyo, stopped operating at 1 : 47 p . m ., said Jinmo Otaka, a spokesman for the semi-public Nuclear Development Corp ., or Donen.
47.
To provide 250 kW with Stirling radioisotope generators would require roughly 1 tonne of plutonium-238 ( for which the US stockpile as of 2013 was no more than 20 kg ), and so a nuclear thermal reactor would be needed.
48.
Most nuclear power plant reactors are thermal reactors and use a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles, that is, to reduce the speed of the neutrons to low velocity thermal neutrons.
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The new model featured several improvements for the American market : the Thermal Reactor and air pump system were replaced with a 3-way catalytic converter and the car's Bosch L-jetronic fuel injection system was now fitted with an Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor.
50.
Hence if MOX is used in a thermal reactor such as a boiling water reactor ( BWR ) or pressurized water reactor ( PWR ) then more americium can be expected in the used fuel than that from a fast neutron reactor.
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