The experimental Thulium Fiber Laser ( TFL ) is currently being studied as a potential alternative to the Holmium : YAG laser ( Ho : YAG ) for the treatment of kidney stones.
42.
The presence of dopants in the core such as germanium, phosphorus, boron, aluminum, erbium, ytterbium, thulium, holmium etc . compromises the radiation hardness of optical fibers.
43.
Thulium dissolves readily in dilute sulfuric acid to form solutions containing the pale green Tm ( III ) ions, which exist as [ Tm ( OH 2 ) 9 ] 3 + complexes:
44.
If this ion is erbium, then a characteristic green and red emission is observed, while when the upconverter ion is thulium, the emission includes near-ultraviolet, blue and red light.
45.
The most common lanthanide ions used in photon upconversion are the pairs erbium-ytterbium ( Er 3 +, Yb 3 + ) or thulium-ytterbium ( Tm 3 +, Yb 3 + ).
46.
As an example of the care Richards used in his work, Emsley reports that he carried out 15, 000 recrystallizations of thulium bromate in order to obtain the pure element thulium for an atomic weight measurement.
47.
As an example of the care Richards used in his work, Emsley reports that he carried out 15, 000 recrystallizations of thulium bromate in order to obtain the pure element thulium for an atomic weight measurement.
48.
"' Thulium ( III ) chloride "'or "'thulium trichloride "'is the chemical compound composed of thulium and chlorine with the AlCl 3 ) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.
49.
"' Thulium ( III ) chloride "'or "'thulium trichloride "'is the chemical compound composed of thulium and chlorine with the AlCl 3 ) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.
50.
"' Thulium ( III ) chloride "'or "'thulium trichloride "'is the chemical compound composed of thulium and chlorine with the AlCl 3 ) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.
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