41. In 1881, he was the first to describe the effects of extracellular pH on cardiac and vascular tissues . 42. Initially, the hyphae enter the cortical tissue and grow intercellularly, then infect the roots and the vascular tissue . 43. The infection affects mainly the vascular tissue in carrots that circulates sugars and other metabolites ( phloem ). 44. The abnormal increase in these processes result in abnormal and excessive cell division and growth, damaging vascular tissue . 45. Compared to other living land plants, they lack vascular tissue containing lignin and branched sporophytes bearing multiple sporangia. 46. Tracheophytes also developed vascular tissue to aid in the movement of water within the organisms ( see below ). 47. The nematode initiates formation of the giant cell ( also called a nurse cell ) from potential vascular tissue . 48. It invades the vascular tissue , creating cankers that clog water-conducting vessels and could affect half of California's grape acreage. 49. Disorganized cell division occurs in infected hosts, leading to gall development instead of the formation of healthy vascular tissue . 50. In this case, spores ( also endoconidia ) that have been produced inside the tree travel through the vascular tissue .
