41. When replacing silicide gates with metal gates in MOSFETs, a key property of the metal is its work function . 42. From this one might expect that by doping the bulk of the semiconductor, the work function can be tuned. 43. All Republic employees had to describe the work functions they performed in blocks of 5 percent of their time. 44. They also did work on the surface state and work function of tungsten and the adsorption of thorium atoms. 45. The jellium model is only a partial explanation, as its predictions still show significant deviation from real work functions . 46. To emit thermionically at zero degrees Celsius, a material needs a work function of around 0 . 3 electronvolts. 47. The work function is characteristic of the material and for most metals is on the order of several electronvolts. 48. The Public Works Council Member is Mr . Chris Mosier, and is assigned to direct all public works functions . 49. Caesium is often used to lower the work function of the cathode, enhancing the amount of ions that are produced. 50. This is because there is an energy to be paid to extract the electron from the medium ( work function ).