1. There are many corolla lobes show glandular hairs at the abaxial surface. 2. The narrow midrib of the leaf is conspicuous on the abaxial side. 3. The secondary venation is parallel and the abaxial leaf surfaces are glabrous. 4. Plants have five stamens with the abaxial stamen often spurred at the base. 5. The abaxial surfaces of the leaves are conspicuously barred with dark green and maroon. 6. Seeds are some 3mm in length, reniform and sculpted on the abaxial surface. 7. Sori are evident on the abaxial surface. 8. The undersides of the leaves ( abaxial surface ) sometimes exhibited parallel longitudinal ridges and grooves. 9. Stomata may be found on either both surfaces of the leaf or only the abaxial or underside. 10. The upper side of the floating leaf, which appears to face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial .
