1. The algorithm starts with a pair of primal and dual variables . 2. The dual variables provide the market clearing prices. 3. Only recently have researchers found robust means to obtain dual variables from integer programs. 4. Each constraint in an dual variable . 5. These combinatorial auctions are cleared as bid, rather than at prices based on dual variables . 6. It featured a 2.4 L DOHC 16V turbocharged I4 with dual variable valve timing ( DVVT ). 7. The constraints of the dual problem forbid two dual variables to take values that correspond to two incompatible tuples. 8. More precisely, the dual graph contains a node for each dual variable and an edge for every constraint between them. 9. The Penalty method doesn't use dual variables but rather removes the constraints and instead penalizes deviations from the constraint. 10. The engines have been updated with dual variable valve timing and the transmission has one more forward for a total of 6.
